What Are the Limitations of Qualitative Research Methods free essay sample

What are the utilizations and impediments of subjective examination techniques for the social logical investigation of wrongdoing and its control? One meaning of wrongdoing is â€Å"behaviour that oversteps the criminal law. † Crime is continually changing a direct result of our consistently evolving society; things that were not viewed as a wrongdoing become so. Despite the fact that the vast majority would contend that a criminal is somebody who oversteps the law; numerous individuals will violate the law sooner or later in their lives and not be viewed as a crook. The police are continually applying various strategies to control wrongdoing. â€Å"Crime control is a reconfigured complex of interlocking structures and methodologies that are themselves made out of old and new components, the old updated and reoriented by another activity setting (Garland, 2001: 23). There are a scope of techniques and types of information utilized, for example, ethnography, narrative/literary investigation, and center gathering meeting that give methods of managing the issue of wrongdoing. We will compose a custom article test on What Are the Limitations of Qualitative Research Methods? or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Subjective exploration assumes a noteworthy job in lessening wrongdoing; offering rich bits of knowledge into the way people’s perspectives, convictions and qualities decide their activities; as is critical. Subjective exploration is progressively worried about what oversees human conduct instead of the dull realities. Thusly, subjective exploration goes past the insights and information which is the focal point of quantitative scientists. Subjective exploration begins from people’s articulations and exercises in their nearby settings. Wrongdoing insights are principal in deciding the level, example and patterns of wrongdoing. Official wrongdoing measurements are directed by the police; these insights as a result manage all recorded wrongdoing. Be that as it may, there are significant worries with the recorded wrongdoing information. Right off the bat, as authorities just record detailed wrongdoing, it is the choice of the casualty whether they report the wrongdoing to the police. Casualties may feel that the wrongdoing is unimportant and would burn through police time. Or then again even that the police may not having the option to determine the wrongdoing. Additionally, the casualties may feel humiliated or embarrassed about the wrongdoing that they have been setback of. Therefore, there is an expected 50% of unreported wrongdoing that criminologist’s term as ‘the dull figure. ’ Qualitative exploration gives a methods for investigating the ‘dark figure of crime’ Using reviews like the British Crime Survey gives an increasingly exact portrayal of the genuine degree of wrongdoing than police insights. The British Crime overview solicits an irregular segment from the populace about their experience of wrongdoing in the past a year which creates an increasingly practical image of every single private family in England and Wales. Newburn, 2007) In any case, there are significant worries with this kind of examination; the proof is some what emotional. The proof is drawn from people in general thus the information utilized is inclined and consequently isn't effectively classifiable. The British Crime study ignores violations carried out against business premises and vagrants. In this manner there are countless wrongdoings not being considered for. Besides, there lies an issue with the exactness of the ‘self review. There is potential for misrepresentation, neglect and misjudging thus this restricts the honesty of these insights. (Treadwell, 2004) There has been research led to uncover the dim figure and see what kinds of criminal conduct that has remained to a great extent escaped official view. The Qualitative examination utilized, for example, member perception, interviews dependent on ‘snowball’ tests and the investigation of news stories uncovered an understanding into criminal operations that didn't show up in police records. Maguire, 2008) The sociologists Kitsuse and Cicourel contend that wrongdoing insights speak to the authoritative procedures at work in the criminal equity framework where in not every criminal demonstration are recorded. The exploration technique being ‘method validity’ implies addressing official measurements to increase an increasingly precise assessment of the social world all things considered, or what individuals think it is. (Jupp, 1989) Quantitative custom is firmly connected to positivism; which has been embraced to consider a wide scope of social wonder. Positivism can be portrayed as a perspective about the premise on which information can be named logical. What's more, that logical information can gauge criminal conduct and nature of criminal conduct utilizing auxiliary factual information and techniques connected with the organic, mental and sociological information to distinguish key reasons for wrongdoing. Along these lines, logical information could at last give general clarifications of wrongdoing that would apply to all circumstances and in this manner is consistently objective. (Walklate, 1998). Quantitative examination keeps on being led in riminology however no longer clings to a limited positivist exploration convention where an easygoing clarification is utilized for wrongdoing. Rather, quantitative scientists consider the immense measure of elements that may impact or cause wrongdoing. Essentially, subjective examination is critical because of the development in new hypothetical points of view; subjective scientists have moved away from reasons for wrongdoing to investigating the procedure by which violations are made and social responses to wrongdoing. For some criminological analysts, hold fast carefully to either subjective or quantitative approach. Nonetheless, some criminological specialists contend that Qualitative and quantitative techniques are complimentary as opposed to serious methodologies. It is adequate that an examination including subjective meetings will deliver some essential quantitative information. For instance, number of interviewees who recognized indistinguishable issues from significant. Furthermore, we may utilize similar information assortment techniques, for example, the up close and personal meeting to produce both subjective and quantitative information by including a scope of inquiries some open finished, others fixed decision. Thirdly, we may utilize two distinct strategies, one that will deliver subjective information for instance center gatherings and another quantitative information for instance organized perception. (Noaks and Wincup, 2004). Subjective and quantitative exploration assists with advising the advancement regarding arrangements of wrongdoing control in light of the fact that the two kinds of examination gives a method of distinguishing developing wrongdoing issues which may concern explicit sorts of wrongdoing, gatherings of known guilty parties and areas. Because of the two sorts of examination there are currently methods of sending assets to manage the issue of wrongdoing. For instance, police powers have grown increasingly modern methods of gathering information and dissecting the information for operational use. (Maguire, 2006) The distraction of subjective analysts is to utilize an assortment of methodologies and strategies to gather and examine an assortment of observational materials. Information can appear as field notes, talk with transcripts, interpreted chronicles of normally happening collaborations, archives and pictures. Subjective scientists expect to draw near the criminal’s perspective on the social world and cause the subject to feel as if they are in characteristic setting. For instance, a subjective exploration procedure is the utilization of center gatherings; center gatherings urge members to respond to one another and to know about what others may think and may state. The analysts expect to lessen the job of the onlooker or facilitator to guarantee that the social communication inside the gathering is something that is comparable to an examination social circumstance. Subjective examination is firmly connected with ethnography which includes clear or undercover member perception. Secretive perception is utilized when access would not in any case have been conceivable. With clear member perception, get to is bound to be managed by a key individual. (Bryman, 2001) Ethnography is the investigation of individuals and gatherings in their regular settings and consequently is one of the most compelling subjective exploration strategy in criminology. The analyst invests delayed times of energy so as to assemble information about their everyday exercises (Treadwell, 2004). The utilization of meetings and the investigation of records are consolidated into this sort of participatory exploration plan wherein they hold out the guarantee of further information. Flick, 1998) In request to comprehend wrongdoing as a social marvel, it is focal that the recreations of regular daily existence of wrongdoing to reflect how intently degenerate examples of conduct and how social structures are integrated. A case of an ethnographic examination is one that is directed by Neil Selwyn who contemplated the exploitation of college understudies. The investigation takes a gander at why understudies fall casualty, understudies disposition to wrongdoing and what sort of wrongdoing is generally plausible. The examination utilizes subjective exploration so as to increase a comprehension of the wrongdoing being executed. The examination technique utilized is a two page self report poll offering thirteen sorts of wrongdoing that the understudy may have been engaged with. An example of students took an interest in toward the finish of the harvest time term in 2005/2006 scholastic year. The subjective information unmistakably traces that wrongdoing is an acknowledged component of understudy life. The utilization of the subjective exploration is that wrongdoing can be diminished by tending to the examples of exploitation. The key discoveries that hung out in the exploration is criminal harm was the most probable, higher evaluation understudies were more averse to be associated with wrongdoing and ethnic wrongdoing were of the most noteworthy. Utilizing this investigation, more mindfulness can be made in the point of bringing wrongdoing levels for understudies lower. (Selwyn, 2009) However, a confinement of this investigation is simply the exactness of the report survey. However

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Free Essays

Story of the Life of Frederick Douglass The scholarly gadgets utilized by Frederick Douglass in his collection of memoirs make the advising increasingly congenial to his crowd. Douglass composes from a first individual perspective showing his advancement from an uneducated youthful slave to a well-spoken speaker. He utilizes sentiment, ethos, and logos. We will compose a custom exposition test on Account of the Life of Frederick Douglass or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Just as an assortment of other gadget three of which are moral stories, revelations, and illustrations. Through these methods Douglass makes a distinctive depiction as life as a slave that drastically impacts his crowd. One abstract gadget utilized by Douglass is ethos, an expository intrigue to the writer’s validity. All through his portrayal Douglass utilizes Christianity to represent the moral irregularities inborn in the act of subjection. His case of ethos is especially impactful in the character of Edward Covey. Mr. Flock believes himself to be a sincere Christian man and attempts to hoodwink himself and God, yet his detestable activities uncover him to be a two-faced delinquent. This associated with perusers by portraying an extremely away from of the moral Catch 22 of being a Christian slaveholder. Logos, the explanatory intrigue of rationale is another artistic gadget utilized by Douglass. He utilizes logos in his composing style which is commonly clear and connected with, however he does at times utilize an amusing tone, or that of somebody genuinely survive. Douglass’s authentic style and coherent point of view toward the parts of subjection help the crowd show signs of improvement delineation of servitude. His conventional composing style makes the peruser realize that he is a clever man. Another abstract procedure utilized in the life account is poignancy, an expository intrigue to feeling. Douglass’s portrayal of slave ladies is a case of emotion. Ladies, who ought to have a bigger progressively huge job in his story, for example, his Aunt Hester, are just found comparable to an enthusiastic reaction to mishandle. Douglass portrays â€Å"I have regularly been stirred at the beginning of day by the most grievous yells of an own auntie of mine†¦no words no tears, no petitions, from his violent casualty, appeared to move his iron heart from its ridiculous purpose†¦ not until defeat by exhaustion, would he stop to swing the blood-thickened dairy animals skin. (21) He doesn’t expound on them as individuals however more as an approach to show overpowering feelings of misuse. Purposeful anecdote is another gadget that Douglass that utilizations to pass on his considerations on opportunity. Purposeful anecdote is the artistic work where characters, items, or activities speak to deliberations. Douglass passes on the theoretical thought of opportunity de picting the white-cruised ships that he experienced as an approach to recommend mysticism or rather opportunity that originates from otherworldliness. Those lovely vessels, robed in most flawless white, so superb to the eye of freemen, were to me such huge numbers of covered apparitions, to alarm and torment me with musings of my pitiable condition. †(63) To Douglass the boats speak to opportunity from subjugation by going from port to port, while the white sail he connects with holy messengers. Revelation is an abstract gadget used to show a snapshot of unexpected disclosure or knowledge. Douglass shows this in the case of Mr. Auld requesting his significant other to quit showing a youthful Frederick to peruse. Douglass says, â€Å"Whilst I was disheartened by the idea of losing the guide of my sort, paramour, I was cheered by the priceless guidance which, by the merest mishap, I had picked up from my lord. † The revelation that Douglass comes to in regards to the estimation of training would reverberate with his crowd. Douglass’s battle with Covey is a microcosm for the worldwide issue of subjugation. This microcosm is a case of how Douglass utilizes stories to affect the peruser. Anecdotes are a basic story that shows a good or strict exercise. Slaves as a populace capitulated to their condition (beatings) as Douglass did with Covey by losing all craving to better himself. Douglass clarifies this by saying, â€Å"My regular versatility was squashed, my keenness mulled, the manner to understand withdrew, the chipper flash that waited about my eye bites the dust; the dull night of subjection shut in upon me; and view a man changed into a beast. †(63) When Douglass faces Covey, a battle enduring hours, mirrors the opportunity movement’s since a long time ago, extended battle against bondage. Bondage itself is such an overwhelming theme, that it will influence any peruser. Be that as it may, Douglass’s is a genuine record. He doesn’t keep down and composes the merciless truth. Furthermore, that I think stunned such huge numbers of individuals in that time since Americans would not like to accept that such an expressive and savvy Negro man had been exposed to such brutal conditions. Composing such a drawing in story, by hopping between the two personas he speaks to, he stunned the way of life. Douglass’s self-portrayal was so stunning a direct result of the measure of feeling utilized graphically to goad the peruser and cause social change numerous decades later. Step by step instructions to refer to Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Essays

Marketing Research and Segmentation Problem Paper

Promoting and Segmentation Problem - Research Paper Example Hence, it very well may be referenced more or less that the clinic takes into account the general individuals with a wide scope of clinical offices. Research An examination on the purchasers in the region encompassing the medical clinic would be done with the assistance of Value and Lifestyles (VALS2) and Potential Rating Index by Zip Market (PRIZM). VALS2 This device for way of life examination makes an undertaking to form shoppers by ordering into three different direction gatherings and they are guideline situated, activity arranged and status situated. Every one of the classes is accepted to be bolstered by two measurements and they are assets just as self-direction. The direction bunches are on the other hand sub-assembled into eight various way of life sections. These referenced way of life fragments are known as actualizers, fulfilleds or survivors, achievers, devotees, experiencers, strivers, producers and strugglers. The clinical office or rather the emergency clinic is thou ght to be situated in the United States (US) where the populace has been figured out how to be estranged into three principle buyer sorts as recently referenced. The standard situated people are the ones whose determination for administrations is directed by their particular convictions as opposed to their prerequisite for help from others. The choices of the status arranged people should be guided by the help, activity alongside the perspectives on the others. The activity arranged people are estimated to be the individuals who get animated by a longing for physical or even social type of action, hazard bearing and assortment (Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2012). The devotees and the fulfilleds have been expressed to fall under the classification of rule situated people. The actualizers, achievers, strivers and strugglers are found out to have a place with the classification of status arranged people. In conclusion, the experiencers and the creators are clubbed in the cla ssification of activity arranged people or sections. Subsequently, the use of this specific model would adequately help in fragmenting the market for the required sort of administration (Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2012). PRIZM The other device for evaluating the way of life of the people for the expected help is the PRIZM. The goal of this referenced apparatus is perceived to be the appraisal of the geographic areas alongside partner them with the utilization design. This type of evaluation should be established on the declaration that way of life just as utilization remains mainly guided by the segment fundamentals. A basic advance concerning this type of evaluation is the ascertainment of the best possible base definition so as to properly coordinate with the precise family base (Scarborough Research, 2012). Market Segmentation The objective portion or rather the sort of people focused for the clinical office or the medical clinic would be the rule arranged people and the status situated people. The underlying class of people are found out to be very knowledgeable people who are either drawn in with proficient occupations or are resigned. This infers the age gathering can be found out from center to higher that is from 40 to over 65 years old. This specific portion would be the proper decision as the objective patients for the proposed clinical office inferable from their age gathering. The people having a place

Guanlong Tyrannosaur Facts and Figures

Guanlong Tyrannosaur Facts and Figures Name: Guanlong (Chinese for crown winged serpent); articulated GWON-long Natural surroundings: Forests of Asia Verifiable Period: Late Jurassic (160 million years prior) Size and Weight: Around 10 feet in length and 100-200 pounds Diet: Meat Recognizing Characteristics: Little size; huge peak on head; potentially quills About Guanlong Perhaps the most punctual tyrannosaur yet to be found, Guanlong (the name, crown winged serpent, suggests this meat-eaters unmistakable peak) meandered eastern Asia during the late Jurassic time frame. Like other early theropods -, for example, Eoraptor and Dilong - Guanlong was nothing uncommon as far as size, just a portion as extensive as Tyrannosaurus Rex (which lived around 90 million years after the fact). This focuses to a typical subject in advancement, the improvement of larger estimated creatures from little ancestors. How do scientistss realize that Guanlong was a tyrannosaur? Unmistakably, this dinosaurs peak - also its genuinely long arms and (potentially) its jacket of plumes - make it an evil fitting match with the great tyrannosaurs of the late Cretaceous time frame. The giveaway is the trademark state of Guanlongs teeth and pelvis, which point to its being a basal (i.e., early) individual from the tyrannosaur family. Guanlong itself seems to have plummeted from before, littler theropods known as coelurosaurs, the most unmistakable variety of which was Coelurus. Strangely, when Guanlong was found, in Chinas Shishugou arrangement, the scientistss from George Washington University discovered two examples lying on each other - one deduced to be around 12 years of age, and the other around 7. Whats strange is, supposedly, the dinosaurs didn’t kick the bucket simultaneously, and theres no indication of a battle - so how could they end up covered together? Its still an enticing paleontological puzzle.

Underwater Dreams

Underwater Dreams On Friday, October 24, the Edgerton Center at MIT organized an on-campus premiere of the documentary Underwater Dreams. The film follows the journey of four high school students from the Arizona desert, who in 2004 won an underwater robotics competition, defeating MIT’s stellar team. None of the winning team’s members were legally documented in the United States. I’d love to tell you that the film has a happy ending, in which the boys’ successes get recognized and their talents get directed towards societys good… I cannot. Sure, the members of the Underwater Robotics team were hard-working and ingenious. But they lacked one special paper. They were not allowed to advance. They did, however, inspire a generation of other undocumented engineers to strive for a greater goal. Now, children once carried stealthily across the border are taking action and coming out as “Undocumented and Unafraid.” They are determined and brilliant. Some of these Dreamers are students at MIT. Recently they petitioned to form DreaMIT, an on-campus organization that would aim to bring together the school’s undocumented students as they face unique challenges at MIT. Dreamers can continue their studies in the U.S. thanks to DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals), which is a temporary designation, subject to renewal every two years and only in effect for the duration of President Obama’s presidency. One of the students’ top goals is to win the legislative fight for the expansion and permanent implementation of DACA. To describe these students’ courage is an impossible feat. I still remember the sheer terror of waiting for a Permanent Resident status. I had discovered an abundance of opportunities in the U.S. and was dizzy with excitement. But that wondrous source of vitality could be cut off at any time, for on paper I was an “alien,” and I had an “alien number,” and my fate was at the mercy of a single USCIS officer. If I had to return to my homeland, I would lose a new life. To even imagine what the undocumented students must feel is painful. To hear them speak about their status and try to improve something, if not for themselves, but for the two million other Dreamers struggling to succeed, is beautiful. Directly after the viewing of Underwater Dreams, the MIT community got a chance to hear from the Dreamers and their supporters in a QA panel moderated by Professor Phillip Clay. One of the speakers was Junot Díaz, a professor of writing at MIT. As a child, he arrived undocumented to the United States from the Dominican Republic. Since then, he received numerous literary awards (including the prestigious Pulitzer Prize in 2008) and the MacArthur “Genius” Grant. Professor Díaz was also listed among New York Times’ top 20 writers of the 21st century. He is now a U.S. citizen, but maintains ties to the past by serving his community both here and in his birthplace. There were also two MIT students (one a sophomore majoring in Aerospace Engineering and another a Master’s student from the Department of Urban Studies and Planning), and a young woman who had studied at the University of Massachusetts briefly before new legislature made it impossible for her to cover the increased cost of education. All three were fighting for a chance to remain in this country without fear. Mary Mazzio, the writer and director of Underwater Dreams, came to support the immigrants as well. “What gives you courage?” questioned a member of the audience. “My parents. They came to this country to give me a greater opportunity. Their courage is very significant. After that, how can I give up? How can I stop just because someone is telling me? There is no option to stop,” the sophomore panelist described his source of strength. “I do this for my sister because I dont want her to go through the same depression and struggles,” responded another Dreamer. “You learn about the power of people in college,” she continued, “Youth are a critical component to change.” “My greatest fear had already come true,” added the young woman whose family was recently deported, “The courage to come out was the breaking point of anger.” Amidst the struggles and fears, the Dreamers highlighted positive change. They have made strides in the immigrant movement, and now hope for increased community civic engagement. The Dreamers’ support system grows strong. Bonus: Here is the recording of the panel from the MIT Underwater Dreams premiere (it’s almost like you were there!).

Persuasive Essay on Adopting a Dog

Persuasive Essay on Adopting a Dog There are numerous reasons why one should make the wise decision to adopt a dog, the first of which is that one gets to save a life by choosing to adopt a dog. In the United States of America only, more than two million dogs are available for adoption on a yearly basis. The main reason why so many dogs are available for adoption is there are many individuals who give up their pets to animal shelters, and the number of individuals who go to shelters to adopt a dog is small. Unfortunately, many animal shelters do not have enough space to house the pets comfortably and sometimes do not even have enough resources to take care of the pets. These reasons sometimes push animal shelters to tight corners and cause them to eliminate some of the pets that have not been adopted. If more people came up and adopted the dogs, fewer animals would be eliminated or tortured by those who adopt them for weird reasons. The other reason why one should adopt a dog is that when one adopts a dog from an animal shelter, he or she not only gets to save money but also gets to adopt healthy dogs. There is a common misconception that animals found in animal shelters usually have something wrong with them. The fact is there are numerous reasons that may make one give up a pet to an animal shelter. However, this is not necessarily because the animal is injured or has a certain fault. Animal rescue centers usually concentrate on bringing up animals in the healthiest way that they can to make it easy for one to adopt a dog, should one choose to take the dog home. The shelters also regularly examine the pets and vaccinate them accordingly and regularly, and they pay close attention to the pets to ensure they are in their best health. In relation to cost, it is usually much cheaper to purchase a pet from an animal rescue center than it is to purchase a pet from a pet store or any other store. Another important reason why one should adopt a dog for a pet is that pets have been shown to improve the mood of their owners. Instead of feeling lonely and moody, one should adopt a dog because the dog will give the owner unconditional love and therefore help one to psychologically feel better. Dogs are also great when it comes to improving the physical health of their owners. Scientists have shown that spending time with one’s dog can significantly lower one’s blood pressure and lower one’s cholesterol levels. Activities such as walking the dog or even grooming the pet provide the owner with physical activity, which in turn can help the individual strengthen the heart and bone tissues. Simply stated, dogs are not just pets but are beneficial in many ways. Tips on writing a persuasive essay about Adopting a Dog: 1. Define what audience your essay is directed to; whether most of your audience. 2. Make sure your argument is definite. 3. Research your topic about adopting a dog well. To make your claim stronger, your arguments should be clear and supported be real examples. You can easily buy an essay online from experts at AdvancedWriters.com. You will get a superior-quality custom persuasive essay written from scratch! 5.00 avg. rating (4 votes)

Idea Of A Happy Life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 770 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/23 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: Life Essay Money Essay Did you like this example? My idea of a happy life| | When I begin to think of my idea of a happy life, I think first of all of money plenty of money for everything all the time. Money to buy a beautiful house for my parents or my brothers and sisters with every convenience and luxury, money to buy a fine motor car, all the clothes we could ever want and as many possessions like transistors, bicycles and modern appliances, as the heart could desire. money too, for foreign travel and for a first class education. Then, I think, I could be happy. But, is this really the answer ? It is true that the possession of money contributes to comfort and easy living, but money in itself cannot create happiness. Let us look at some of the worlds richest people. Barbara Hutton, the Woolworths heiress, for example, was divorced several times and lived a most unhappy life. There are many other rich people, whose misery is much greater than that of those living with only enough money for the barest necessities of li fe. The essentials, therefore, of a happy life do not lie in money. Indeed, very many of them are things that money can never purchase. Good health is one of them and the one that we value least, until we are in danger of losing it. It is true that brave people who suffer from ill-health do surmount it and often find great happiness, but this needs great courage and all of them would admit that they would be happier with a healthy body and leading a normal life. Like most of my fellowmen, I am a gregarious animal and therefore, love and human companionship are important factors in my idea of a happy life. Since a child, I have needed the love of my parents and the affection of my brothers and sisters. In a wider circle, the interests of my uncles and aunts and the companionship of my school friends have all contributed to my happiness. Now that I am older, I realize that I must find a loving girl to marry, who will share all my joys and sorrows, and who will provide me with a congenial home life as a refuge from the storms and stresses of the world outside. My childhood friends are being substituted for adult companions in college and in clubs, but I am still surrounded by a wealth of friendship and love, which to me are essential for happiness. I am now training to be a lawyer in our university. This subject has always interested me and since a child, my dream has been to become a solicitor and to return to my town to work and to help people there. Here again, it is essential to happiness to be trained to do an interesting, worthwhile job that absorbs all ones working attention and provides an outlet for ones abilities and energies. I like sport of all kinds, particularly basket-ball and swimming, and my idea of a happy life would include time and opportunity for these pursuits. It would also include time to reading and for all my leisure activities and hobbies. Public service has always interested me, and so I would want to take some part in publ ic life. What I actually do will, of course, depend on where I am living, but I shall certainly want to be an active member of my Residents Committee and my local church. My faith too is important to me and therefore, it is essential for happiness that I should be able to live in a country, where the people walk in freedom to practice their own faiths. Singapore today, is a living example to the world, of this. People here, of many diverse cultures live side by side in peace, each contributing to the culture of the rest. All are tolerate. This is not so in every country of the world, and when freedom of speech and of action is taken away, as it regrettably can be, then all hope of happiness goes with it. It is said, and rightly so, that happiness is the most elusive and evasive thing of all, Indeed cynics have remarked that a man can only be truly happy when he is dead. The world would indeed be a miserable place if this were so, but fortunately, the majority of us find more h appiness than unhappiness in our lives. The secret of happiness perhaps lies in wanting the right things first, in working hard, in giving more than in receiving, so that eventually, we are able to achieve it. | Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Idea Of A Happy Life" essay for you Create order

Black Nationalism Essay - 2397 Words

Throughout history, African Americans have encountered an overwhelming amount of obstacles for justice and equality. You can see instances of these obstacles especially during the 1800’s where there were various forms of segregation and racism such as the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan terrorism, Jim- Crow laws, voting restrictions. These negative forces asserted by societal racism were present both pre and post slavery. Although blacks were often seen as being a core foundation for the creation of society and what it is today, they never were given credit for their work although forced. This was due to the various laws and social morals that were sustained for over 100 years throughout the United States. However, what the world didn’t†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"Great Migration† was from 1910-1930 and almost 750,000 African Americans moved into Northern cities; 175,000 moved to Harlem, which made it the largest black community in the country. This e ra was known for racial consciousness, racial integration, dramatic arts and painting. In addition, it was known for the explosion of music especially jazz and the blues. This outburst of confidence, expression, creativity and talent sparked the African American drive and created a â€Å"rebirth† of African American culture. A few of the famous influences were Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Duke Ellington Johnson and Louis Armstrong. The Harlem Renaissance acted as the crossroads for black to interact with others and expand their contacts, even internationally. Also, African Americans began to change their image from rural to urban. In other words, they were transforming themselves from peasants to sophisticates. The Harlem Renaissance allowed for African Americans to be a force in America even if they couldn’t be employed and seen as equals to whites. It was so influential that African Americans began to gain power in northern cities such as Chicago and Philadel phia. The Harlem Renaissance phenomenon sparked the idea of â€Å"New Negro† and led to the drive for change, giving a sense of Black Nationalism and the ability to express their ideas and concerns in ways they wereShow MoreRelatedHow Black Nationalism Helped Civil Rights991 Words   |  4 Pagesseparation of blacks and whites and trying to make them into one American community, such as the movement headed by Martin Luther King Jr. The other type of movement was the black nationalist movement whose aim was to empower blacks by separating whites and blacks in American society. Both of these movements started in the 1700s, but the positive outcomes of these movements were seen in the mid-1960s through civil rights for African Americans. This paper will concentrate on how black nationalism helpedRead MoreBlack Nationalism : The Victims Of White Brutality1731 Words   |  7 Pagesas those who choose to follow me, consider me a Black Nationalist freedom fighter, I feel as if i t is my responsibility to put this brutality to an end. Black Nationalism is my social philosophy and it states that the Black man should have full control of his community that should rely on its â€Å"Black membership for economic sufficiency and that refuses to be manipulated by Whites† (Revolutionary Paideia, 2013). The economic aspect of Black Nationalism requires for Afro-Americans to be in control ofRead MoreBlack Nationalism927 Words   |  4 PagesThe Title: DuBois and Black Nationalism The Epigraph: The colored people are coming to face the fact quite calmly that most white Americans do not like them, and are planning neither for their survival, nor their definite future W.E.B. 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Malcolm delivered his Ballot to the BulletRead MoreCivil Rights Movement and Black Nationalism Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 1302.044 March 3, 2000 Militant and Violent Acts of the Civil Rights Movement and Black Nationalism The rights of African-Americans have been violated since they were brought over to America as slaves in the late 1600s to the land of the free. Great political gains for African-Americans were made in the 1960s such as the right to vote without paying. Still, many African Americans were dissatisfied with their economic situation, so they reacted with violence in the form of riots. OtherRead More Black Nationalism And The Revolution In Music Essay1045 Words   |  5 Pages The black population has fought hard to get where they are in today’s society in terms of their courage, beliefs and faith to accomplish what they have done in the fields of politics and music. They have been affective in the field of politics by having leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther king Jr., Malcolm x and Nelson Mandela lead them to a civil right society where everyone was treated equally. And they have also been part of the revolution of music in terms of how many categories they have inventedRead M oreAn Autopsy Of Nuwaubianism, Black Nationalism, And The Epistemological Concepts Surrounding Separatist Theory1300 Words   |  6 PagesNuwaubianism, Black Nationalism, and the Epistemological Concepts Surrounding Separatist Theory Regina Farrell Professor Gregory Smithsimon May 17, 2017  Thesis The Black man has a long history of slavery, violence and general tension in the United States. Although there have been amendments to legislation to allow for some equality, there is still progress to be made. In the meantime, civil rights movements have given birth to organizations such as Nuwaubianism, that aim to keep the Black communityRead MoreMalcolm X s Philosophy Of Black Pride, Black Nationalism, And Pan Africanism Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X informs the reader about Malcolm X’s philosophy of black pride, black nationalism, and pan-Africanism. There are a billion reasons to care when it comes to a book about a human rights activist. I want to take a look at something more personal. There is always time for change. Who would have thought that a little kid from the country who bounced around between foster homes, detention centers, and jails would have done anything with his life? I might have guessed thatRead MoreA Nation Is A Social Concept With No Uncontroversial Definition1734 Words   |  7 Pagesof nation used, the term nation state could be used to distinguish larger states from small city states, or could be used to distinguish multinational states from those with a single ethnic group. Ancient nations Although some scholars of nationalism argue that nations are a modern phenomenon arising around the time of the French Revolution, other scholars assert that nations are an old, or even an ancient, type of political formation. Political scientist Azar Gat argues that ancient Egypt wasRead MoreThe Conflict Between Nations And Other Countries1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthree nations and those others . Nationalism is strong in all three nations; in two of them there are a lot of racism, chauvinism, separatism; and now we are supposed to make a state out of that.†-Alija Izetbegovic. Religion, race, and culture have been a dividing factor for humans since their creation. No three factors have caused more dispute and fighting, and this will remain truth to the end of mankind. All of these ideas lead to a strong influence of nationalism over many countries in europe in

Critical Issue Analysis - 1158 Words

University of Phoenix Material Critical Issue Analysis After reading the selected critical issue, use the following questions to analyze the issue. Issue 3 – Is Psychological Debriefing a Harmful Intervention for Survivors of Trauma? 1. What are at least two facts presented by each side of the critical issue? Devilly Cotton who represent the con side of the agreement present many different facts. Two that stand out is: that psychological debriefing â€Å". . . more of a â€Å"moral maintenance† intervention qua gesture of employer support, rather than a clinical intervention influencing distress and clinical symptomatolgy. (Halgin, 2009, p. 68.) Devilliy Cotton also point to the fact it is a company’s way to protect again†¦show more content†¦What are some of the weaknesses? I believe the strength of Davilly and Cotton was that they took the time to define and try to show the differences between Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Critical Incident Stress Management. As well as defining what psychology debriefing entails. Their weakness would be it was how to read, it did not flow easy for the readers and somewhat confusing. Also another weakness which was pointed out by Mitchell was that they did not seem to do much deep research for other papers written on the topic. 5. How credible were the authors of each argument? Explain your answer. Davilly Cotton when to detail on what psychological debriefing was and how there are many different forms of it with: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Critical Incident Stress Management. Also how these two really kind of play hand in hand and might be the same thing. Therefore it is hard to tell the difference between the two. They tried to break down how these two systems work and the outcomes of such programs. Mitchell was credible in from the first paragraph notes that â€Å"In 1983 I wrote the first article ever written on Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. . . â€Å" (Halgin, 2009, p. 78). Uses the programs during an event rather than after. 6. Based on the statements presented in this critical issue, which author do you agree with? Why? While both sides had concrete evidence supporting their claims; I thinkShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of Staffinf Issues in Hsbc18114 Words   |  73 PagesCritical Analysis of Selection Process and Staffing Issues of HSBC UK Bank Table of Contents Executive Summary: 4 CHAPTER 1 5 1. Introduction 6 1.1. Company Profile: 12 1.2. Research Aim and Objectives 14 1.3. Research Question 14 1.4. Scope of the Study 15 1.5. Research Aim 15 1.6. Significance of Study 16 CHAPTER 2 18 2. Literature Review 19 2.1. Importance of Human Resource Management in an Organization: 20 2.2. Importance of Human Resource Management for theRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Communication And Ethical Issues2797 Words   |  12 PagesCRITICAL ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE SOUTHERN CROSS HEALTH SYSTEMS ! ! ! ! ! Author: Lareb. Azam. 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ManyRead MoreCritical Analysis of Problems and Issues in Education Essay examples1547 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents were compared with â€Å"public school students with similar backgrounds. They found that voucher students had reading scores 3 percentile points higher and math scores 5 percentile points higher, in their third year† (National Center for Policy Analysis CEO America [NCPACA], 1998). They also found in their fourth year these â€Å"students had reading scores 5 percentile points higher and math scores 12 percentile points higher† (NCPACA,1998). These statistics certainly support the fact that studentsRead MoreA Critical Discourse Analysis ( Cda ) And Argumentation Theory860 Words   |  4 Pages The current empirical study constitutes a critical discourse analysis of part of the discourse that surrounds the New Caledonian independence issue. It aims to explore audience response to political speeches, to investigate how politicians attempt to persuade people to follow a particular course of action, to link the notions of discourse and action to the cognitive dimensions of ideology and presuppositions, to further clarify various contextual factors, such as power configurations, to describeRead MoreCritical Analysis of an Article on HIV/AIDS Prevention Issues for Women970 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: This review is about the main points, gaps and critique of the article. The main information provided in this review will help you gain new insight on women HIV/AIDS prevention issues. As a society, we focus on individualist ways of prevention. 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There are many approaches to this end, but we will draw upon two: semiology, or the study of signs, and content analysis. Semiology, on the one hand, is concerned with the emergence and â€Å"movement† of meaning within the text and between the text and the world surrounding it. Content analysis, on the other, focuses on the surface meaning of an ad, detecting similarities and differences. Indisputably, the growing predominance of visuals in adsRead MoreA Critical Analysis of the Key National Security Issues Faced in the Post-Vietnam War Period566 Words   |  3 PagesA Critical Analysis of the Key National Security Issues Faced in the Post-Vietnam War Period There have been a lot of developments that happened during the Vietnam War that concerns the key national security issues of the country. However, there are an also a lot of significant changes that occurred after that historical event, that forever changed the policy conceptualization and implementation of national and foreign-related issues. The administration of Richard Nixon was greatly affected byRead MoreA critical analysis of Tanzanite I’s service recovery issue – A study related to Jain University’s2700 Words   |  11 Pages A critical analysis of Tanzanite I’s service recovery issue – A study related to Jain University’s international visit to Milan. Table of contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Literature review 3 2.1 Service Recovery Paradox 4 2.2 Customer Responses to Service Failures 4 2.3 Conceptual model 5 2.4 Impact of culture 5 3. Analysis 6 3.1 Failure Context 6 3.2 Magnitude of Failure 7 3.3 Recovery Attributes 7 3.4 Cross-cultural

The European Union - 983 Words

reason, the common citizens of Briton believe that exiting the EU is the only way they can solve their economic problems. Thus, the leading party of the United Kingdom has approved a referendum on UK’s membership of the European Union. Opinion polls show that British citizens have a different perspective on the issue. A recent study conducted by center for European reform showed that â€Å"The younger generation of Britons favors European Union because it offers a good economic prospect. At the same time, the older generation perceives the EU as an anti-democratic institution. Experts form European commission suggests that the possibility of Britain exiting the EU has a profound effect on economics, business, and immigration of policies of Europeans.† (Simon, Philip, 9, 67). Even though most people see the economic problem as the main cause of for UK for rejecting the European Union, others also consider the refugee crisis as a pressing issue. A recent study conducted b y the royal institute of international affairs show that â€Å"attitudes toward immigration are the strongest predictor of whether somebody will vote to leave the EU. Those who feel that immigration is having negative effects on Britain are 50 per cent likely to vote out of EU. In contrast, those who hold more positive attitudes towards immigration are 11 percent more likely to vote in.†(Matthew, Milazzo, 8) In the last couple of years Briton has seen a massive increase in the number of immigrants. Most of theseShow MoreRelatedEuropean Unions And The European Union1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe European Union was developed in order to end the frequent and horrific wars between neighboring countries in Europe which peaked in the second World War. After long years of negotiations and meetings between member states of European countries, the European Union was formed because of common interests and goals on economic, social, and foreign policies. The European Union ensures to un ite European countries economically and politically in order for them to have a secured lasting peace. The foundingRead MoreThe Union Of The European Union944 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Queen her happy 90th birthday and tell the British people that voting to leave the European Union in the 23 June 2016 referendum is a terrible idea. It was in sharp contrast to what the Leave campaigners had been promising them. The Leave campaigners have been trying to create a bubble that Britain outside the European Union will be a prosperous paradise at the center of universe, free from pesky European countries. But Obama punctured their bubble by telling the British that Britain outsideRead MoreThe Union Of The European Union1043 Words   |  5 PagesBrexiters are desperate and angry with everything and everyone that suggests that the British people should vote to remain in the European Union in the 23 June 2016 referendum. The recent victim of their desperation and ire has been no less a personage than the US President Barrack Obama himself. President Obama was in London recently to wish the Queen her happy 90th birthday and help Prime Minister David Cameron win the referendum in which the British people will vote whether they want to remainRead MoreThe Union Of The European Union Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesbe leaving the European Union. In what has since become known as Brexit, the United Kingdom held a referendum in which 52 percent of the voting-eligible population chose in favor of the country’s departure from the 28 country politico-economic union. When this political issue is analyzed, it is important to understand the reasoning behind Britain’s decision and the many factors that drove them to this resolution. The people of the United Kingdom decided to leave the European Union based on economicRead MoreThe Union And The European Union952 Words   |  4 Pages The European Union is an entity that is seen nowhere else in the world. It is not a government, it is not an international organization, and it is not just an association of states. The European Union members, instead, have decided to turnover part of their sovereignty to the Union so that many decisions can be made at the institutions leadership level. This partnership includes 28 diverse democracies built together on the basis of complex treaties. Although the goals of this organization were toRead MoreThe European Union878 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues that comprise the organization: the European Union. From economics to politics, the organization has grown to include most of the European countries. Their policies emphasize the rule of law; meaning every action executed within the organization is founded on treaties, along with the agreement of the participating countries. Its focus continues to promote human rights, as well as making their institution more transparent and democratic. The European Union is constantly growing and refining itselfRead MoreThe European Union Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pagesformer Prime Minister David Cameron stated, â€Å"A vote to leave is the gamble of the century. And it would be our children’s futures on the table if we were to roll the dice† (Ketil). On June 23, more than half of the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union. A myriad of UK’s citizens had no knowledge of what their vote would do.1 In the United States, the electoral college elects the president while taking in the consideration of the public’s vote. When the public voted on the referendum, they believedRead MoreThe European Union1125 Words   |  5 PagesThere are few glaring events that will go down in history as the defining geopolitical events of this century. Great Brittan’s recent results from a referendum heldon on June 23, 2016 to decide if it should leave the European Union (EU) is one such glaring event. Brexit, the acronym for this referendum, is synonymous with the contemporary populist sentiment supporting nationalism, economic autonomy, curbing immigration, and defying elitist politicians who do not understand the reality of the workingRead MoreThe European Union1543 Words   |  7 Pages The European Union was initially set up as a means to terminate the conflict that occurred within Europe throughout the 20th century, culminating with the end of The Second World War (WWII) and The Cold War that followed. The EU ultimately aimed to bring the member countries together in order to form an ‘ever closer union’ between the countries of Europe, thus preventing a future battle. The Union started as the European Economic Community (EEC), which was established in 1957, and over the yearsRead MoreThe European Union940 Words   |  4 Pagesvoted to leave their membership in the European Union. In order for the vote to be official they must use a little known provision in their membership clause with the European Union called the Article 50 or the Lisbon Treaty. The European Union was a political and economic cooperation where participating countries used their collective financial and social practices to strengthen social and economic stability. â€Å"The Europe an Union began in 1951 as the European Coal and Steel Community, an effort by

The Roosevelt During The Great Depression - 2426 Words

It was not until the Federal Writers’ Project emerged under Roosevelt during the Great Depression that slave stories were recorded, more than a half century after the death of slavery and the recognize significance of evidence (men like editor Benjamin Botkin). Men like W.E.B. DuBois turned the tide on the African American stereotypes at large. Under director John Avery Lomax, 2,300 interviews were edited and added to a 19 volume compilation. It, however, according to the author, is important to note that even these accounts can be biased. The geographic imbalance of the interviews towards the Deep South, with only 6% of the total being from border states. Also, many of these interviewees were elderly; and with the average slave life†¦show more content†¦Charles Nordhoff noted, blacks â€Å"will tell you precisely what you want to hear.† Interviewers’ questions, though unconsciously, â€Å"constantly communicated with their subjects the kind of evidence they want, the length of answers and even the manner in which answers ought to be offered† (Davidson 181). The personal relationships also created an interesting dynamic during an interview. Interviewees often knew interviewers personally and said, â€Å"I don’t want to tell you nothin’ but what to please you† (Davidson 183). The author again points out that the manner in which FWP interviews are conducted in flawed. It is mentioned how voice recorders are not used and therefore barebone notes are used to reconstruct entire interviews. With this in mind, interviewers can subconsciously (or consciously) modify the interview. Also, until the very end of the project there was not standard for African American language. The author then could have erroneously transcribed the vocal expressions of their interviewees. These â€Å"blacky† word constructions point out how interviewers often felt they were racially superior. Take for example Jessie Butler’s interview of Susan Hamlin. Ms Butler imposed herself as a welfare officer when she arrived at Mrs Hamlin’s door. Therefore, her interview, which consistently gratifies the white race, was probably skewed to impress the welfare officer who she relied on, just like a slave master. When she says how white rule

Analysis Of Ron Mueck Pregnant Woman

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Ron Mueck for Pregnant Woman. Answer: Introduction: Every great piece of art is infused with a specific theme that contributes to its popularity. A piece of art can only become a great piece of art if it has got a universal appeal, and the theme is a key to attribute an artistic creation with an appealing theme. Moreover, it must be noted that a great piece of art should reflect on some specific social aspects and it must contribute to social progress in some way or other. It is in this respect that the artwork, Pregnant Woman, by Ron Mueck deserves special mention. Mueck has not only rendered his artwork with universality but has also depicted how certain feminine aspects (including motherhood, fertility and birth) along with aspects like creation and spirituality, can be incorporated thoroughly in order to transform a piece of art into a vehicle of conveying a social message. Muecks creation is fibreglass replication of a pregnant woman, though larger in size than a normal woman usually is. It stands in the centre of one room of the art gallery and is made of acrylic, fibreglass and silicone (OHagan, 2006). Titled as Pregnant Woman the larger-than-life sculpture looms above the visitors and her face drawn and troubled as if by the sheer weight of impending motherhood (OHagan, 2006). Motherhood is a theme that has been thoroughly ingrained in the artwork of Mueck. About Muecks creation it can be said that, Celebrating motherhood is a perennial function of art, but to come upon such a vivid likeness of a naked and heavily pregnant woman in an art gallery is a confronting experience. Our initial impulse is to avert our eyes, and yet the powerful presence of Ron Muecks Pregnant woman demands our attention (National Gallery of Australia, n.d.). Such is the power of Muecks creation, and such are the acclamations that it has received since its inception and inst allation in an art gallery. The size of the fiberglass sculpture doubles the size of an average woman, and this makes the sculpture seems larger than life. It must be noted that may be Mueck intentionally created a larger-than-life sculpture in order to amplify and emphasize the larger-than-life roles that are played by a mother in the course of giving birth to a child and in the course of bringing up the child. Mueck has, as it seems, made the sculpture bigger than average viewers in order to monumentalize motherhood which surpasses all the petty confinements of all other human relationships. Moreover, being out of scale of reality, the Pregnant Woman has justified the intentions of its creator. It must be noted that Mueck has strived to project the importance of the role of women in the society both as a mother and a source of life and this has to do a lot with some specific sociological and psychological theories. It is also to be noted that by projecting a pregnant woman, who is larger than a real-life woman, Mueck has, as may be assumed, strived to make the viewers understand that difference between the actual role of women in the society and the role that is defined, confined, and projected by the patriarchal societies across the globe. Furthermore, it must be said that the sculpture has its own unique appeal to the viewers. This uniqueness has been conveyed in the article, Ron Mueck: the making of Pregnant woman 2002, in which Kennedy (2004) has conveyed that, Pregnant womanmakes a powerful impact. For men of my vintage, it has been typical to be in attendance at the birth of children. Not so for men of a previous generation. For women who have had children, lost children, had to cope with disability, or trials of pregnancy, so many thoughts can arise. One must take into account that apart from motherhood some other themes have also been incorporated immaculately by Mueck in his creation. In this respect it is noteworthy that, apart from referring to the significance of motherhood, Mueck, in his artwork, has referred specifically to universal themes like fertility, birth, the goddess, to the iconography of the Madonna and Child, and to the wondrous journey which is known as life (National Gallery of Australia, n.d.). Emphasis on such themes has turned the sculpture into a piece of art having social value. Muecks sculpture signifies that the role of a woman in a patriarchal society is not only to serve the purposes assigned to them by the male gender; rather, women are the creators, they are the goddesses giving birth to new life, and hence, their roles and importance surpass that of their male counterparts. Such a projection of the role of women can be equated to the principles conveyed by sociological theories like the theory of f eminism. It is in this respect too, that Muecks work should be considered as an artwork having social significance and value. Apart from having a social value, the artwork of Mueck also does have a value from research perspectives. The application of the fiberglass technology in the field of art has opened new windows of opportunities for many researchers who are interested in exploring the relation of technology with art and artworks. Fiberglass is a wonder in itself as it is uniquely acquired through the application of both art and science. It is noteworthy that, fiberglass is a composite material, meaning that its comprised of two (or more) different materials mixed together. Typically, fiberglass consists of a matrix of glass fiber, saturated with a polymer resin (Fiberglass 101 The Basics, n.d.). The recent surge in the use of fiberglass in the sphere of art and architecture is due to the fact that that fiberglass has good tensile strength and it is also flexible to mold (Fiberglass 101 The Basics, n.d.). And these two specific characteristics have gradually made it a popular means for creating artwo rks, primarily in the form of sculpture (as has been used by Mueck). Moreover, artists like Mueck are in favor of using fiberglass as the medium of creation because of its strength, and due to the fact that fiberglass is a relatively light compound which is resistant to moisture and to several other chemical changes (Fiberglass 101 The Basics, n.d.). It has been observed that the popularity of Muecks work has been largely reliant on the technology that the artist has applied for creating it. One must note that, Muecks process and techniques are a source of fascination, particularly in relation to his meticulous observation of the skins surface: its pores, the follicles of hair, the softness of a mole, the hardness of a nail and the shadows of veins just beneath the skin (National Gallery of Australia, n.d.). All such details have been possible for Mueck to sculpt primarily owing to the technology he has used to give his artwork a unique (yet realistic) shape. This effort on the par t of the artist may trigger interest in many other contemporary artists to explore the opportunities provided by fiberglass technology, and this can lead to the inception of myriads of research studies on the topic. In conclusion, a great piece of art should reflect on some specific social aspects and it must contribute to social progress in some way or other. It is in this respect that the artwork, Pregnant Woman, by Ron Mueck deserves special mention. Mueck has not only rendered his artwork with universality but has also depicted how certain feminine aspects (including motherhood, fertility and birth) along with aspects like creation and spirituality, can be incorporated thoroughly in order to transform a piece of art into a vehicle of conveying a social message. The size of the fiberglass sculpture doubles the size of an average woman, and this makes the sculpture seems larger than life. It must be noted that may be Mueck intentionally created a larger-than-life sculpture in order to amplify and emphasize the larger-than-life roles that are played by a mother in the course of giving birth to a child and in the course of bringing up the child. One must take into account that apart from motherh ood some other themes have also been incorporated immaculately by Mueck in his creation. In this respect it is noteworthy that, apart from referring to the significance of motherhood, Mueck, in his artwork, has referred specifically to some other universal themes including the theme of birth and fertility. Through his artwork, Mueck has projected that women are the creators, they are the goddesses giving birth to new life, and hence, their roles and importance surpass that of their male counterparts. Such a projection of the role of women can be equated to the principles conveyed by sociological theories like the theory of feminism. Finally, by using the technology of fiberglass to shape his artwork, Mueck has opened the door for researchers to show more interest in exploring the relationship between fiberglass technology and artwork. Muecks effort may trigger interest in many other contemporary artists to explore the opportunities provided by fiberglass technology, and this can lea d to the inception of myriads of research studies on the topic. References Fiberglass 101 - The Basics. (n.d.) [online] Available at: https://centralfloridafieros.com/forum/index.php?topic=149.0;wap2 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Kennedy, B. (2004). Ron Mueck: the making of Pregnant woman 2002. [online] National Gallery of Australia. Available at: https://nga.gov.au/mueck/director.cfm [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. National Gallery of Australia. (n.d.). Ron Mueck. [online] Available at: https://artsearch.nga.gov.au/Detail.cfm?IRN=122875PICTAUS=TRUE [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. O'Hagan, S. (2006). Ron Mueck: From Muppets to motherhood. [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/aug/06/art2 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016].

Public Relations Success of Organization in Australia

Question: Discuss about thePublic Relations for Success of Organization in Australia. Answer: Introduction: Public relations refers to the management, through communication, of the various perceptions and the strategic relationships between organization and its internal and external stakeholders. Moreover further contend public relations practitioners are involved in a variety of the work assignment that include research counseling, evaluation, media relations, production and the management(Black, 2013). Defining Research Questions In the race for excellence and perception in the rapidly evolving global market, there is usually need to have an effective public relations Management especially for many organization in Australia(Coombs Holladay, 2013). Each and every team require a public relations department, this is due to the increased competition, despite the aspect of the proliferation of the brands and advertising clutter calls for the extra support, practical and a focused communication of the corporate identity. Therefore, from these concepts, this study is aimed to investigate the impact of public relations on the performance of organizations in Australia(Epstein Buhovac, 2014). On this study, it has identified this issue, which will serve as a study engine for the research. It is, therefore, important to formulate the research questions, which will be used as the basis for the research. The following are the research questions that guide on the topic. What is the effect of the organizational image towards on its performance? Does the type of the public relations service employed have any impact on the performance of organizations in Australia? To what extent does competition influence the performance of organizations in Australia? Does the level of qualification of staffs in the public relations department impact on the fulfillment of an organization? Research Methodology and Techniques for the Research The method for the study that a will be both qualitative and quantitate. The reason for this choice is that there was some numerical data, which will be collected to enable to explain these phenomena, and the frequencies will help to explain on the meanings (Spicer, 2013). On the research, it will use the descriptive research studies, which is aimed to obtain a pertinent and precise information that will be in line with the status of the phenomena under investigation. Moreover, it will also help to draw a valid and general conclusion from the facts, which are discovered. The use of the descriptive design for the research will contribute to obtaining the information that can be easily be analyzed, and compression are made. On the research, there will be the use of a questionnaire that will consists of structured and unstructured types of questions. There will be use of the target population that will describe the complete set of individuals, cases, and object of the research that have some standard features which the researcher intends to generalize in the result of the study (Coombs Holladay, 2013). The study will use the random sampling technique to achieve the desired representation from the various sub-groups of the population. The respondent for the study will be drawn from the diverse group randomly to ensure every departmental associations was well represented from the sample population. It is important to note that for the descriptive studies only 20% is the most appropriate sample size to use(Smith, 2012). Therefore, for this research, it will use 20% of the employees through random sampling method. Nonetheless, to avoid aspect of biasness from this study there was the also use of the stratified random sampling technique. On this approach, the respondent is selected and grouped from selecting them randomly from the population. Research Process On this research process, it will entail the defining of the research problem, the background of the problem where it has generated to what to do the research, the current finding of the research, formulation of the research questions, collection, analysis and conclusion and recommendation of the findings(Epstein Buhovac, 2014). On this proposal, it has sought to define the research topic or the problem, the research questions, methodology and techniques employed to gather information, collection, analysis and the expected outcome of the issue of the study(Hendrix, Hayes Kumar, 2012). Data Collection and Analysis Method On this research, it will use both the primary and the secondary data. The primary data will be collected through the open ended and the closed questionnaires. Besides, the secondary data is provided literature from a similar area of the study. On the secondary data, it will employ the comparative studies, which will be found from the articles, and books where there is a different literature review of the findings of the different author on a similar study area(Coombs Holladay, 2013). The questionnaire for the research will be hard delivered to the respondent after which the data will be collected for analysis. On the analysis, once the data is obtained there will be the use of both the qualitative, which is the descriptive information and the quantitative numeric of information procedures.(Hendrix, Hayes Kumar, 2012) There will be the use of Excel or spreadsheet computer package, which will be employed for analysis of the data. Once the data is analyzed, it will be presented in th e frequency tables. On the qualitative data, it will be categorized and reported in the form of the emergent themes(Coombs Holladay, 2013). The Expected Research Outcome In regards to the research questions, the impact of the organizational image on the organization majority of individuals believe public relation department will affects positively the image of the institutions in Australia. On the research question on the impact of public relations service on the performance of the organization, the likely outcome expected is that the management will do enough to enhance the public relations services, which will influence positively on group performance(Epstein Buhovac, 2014). On the question competition on the performance of organization, majority will likely agree that competition will greatly have an effect on the fulfillment of that organization. On the question of level of qualification, the expected outcome would be the standard of skill of the staff would affect the performance of the team(Spicer, 2013). References Black, S. (2013). Practice of Public Relations. Routledge. Coombs, W. T., Holladay, S. J. (2013). It's not just PR: Public relations in society. John Wiley Sons. Dozier, D. M., Gruning, L. A., Gruing, J. E. (2013). Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2014). Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Gruing, J. E., Dozier, D. M. (2003). Excellent public relations and effective organizations: A study of communication management in three countries. Routledge. Hendrix, J. A., Hayes, D. C., Kumar, P. D. (2012). Public relations cases. Cengage Learning. Smith, R. D. (2012). Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Spicer, C. (2013). Organizational public relations: A political perspective. Routledge.

Family Love Letter

Family Love LetterDo you want to learn how to write a family love letter? Have you ever considered writing one before? The idea of sending a family love letter can be a very positive one for someone who is struggling with a relationship, for example. The more creative your letter is, the more successful it will be.In the summer of '94 I was going through a pretty rough time in my relationship and I had decided that the best thing to do was send a letter to my husband after we were finished with school so that we could remember each other in happier times. The fact that I was not seeing him on a regular basis and that I knew I would have to go back to school to become a teacher did not bother me as much as I thought it would. But I figured if I wrote him a good letter I would see him every week, and if he liked it, maybe he would call me.While the idea of writing a family love letter did not bother me as much as I thought it would, I wanted to try to think about what to say, and the b est way to do this is to find a sample or template that you could use for it. And by finding a template, I mean reading one that is a little out of the ordinary and uses different words than most traditional love letters.It does not matter how perfect the family love letter is, if it is not written correctly, it will not do your love for your spouse any good. The only people who will notice that the letter is not in the same style as everyone else's are the people who are supposed to read it, so get that in your head.If you are a writer and you are interested in using a sample to write a family love letter, take some time to figure out how to make it sound nice and simple. There are times when you may find that the best way to do something is to write it down and then work on it in a notebook until you get the sentence structure right. Then you will have a template to use in your own writing.There are templates that you can find on the Internet that can be used to help you come up w ith your own template. Once you have a template, you will need to find out what words you will use to illustrate your letter. This is the most important part of writing a sample for a family love letter.Once you have written the template and have the sample ready, you can start to see where the ideas come from. This can be done in your own way, but you will probably want to put together a family love letter every time you want to. That way you will know how to make it sound good and get it passed around among your friends and family.

Seven Habits of High Successful People by Stephen Covey

Flag Burning Unconstitutional essays

Flag Burning Unconstitutional essays Flag burning is absolutely not a valid form of political expression under the first amendment. Though the Supreme Court, in the case of Gregory Johnson, ruled that it was in fact constitutional to allow people to burn the flag, the evidence against this ruling is overwhelming. First, the first amendment does provide protection to demonstrators wishing to voice their political opinions vocally and symbolically, the amendment does not allow for the desecration of sacred objects such as flags, cemeteries, and public monuments. The Texas law in effect when Gregory Johnson burned an American flag in protest of the American political system clearly states that it is illegal to desecrate such objects. The law defined desecration as physical mistreatment of such objects in a way which the accused knows will offend one or more persons likely to observe or discover the act. When Gregory Johnson burned his flag he clearly intended to make a public display and offend onlookers. The se cond argument against flag burning is that there are many other ways for one to express dislike for the American democratic system than to burn on of its most sacred objects. The flag stands for much more than the fifty states, in the it represents battles fought for the United States by hundreds of thousands of veterans. The flag represents national unity. The third, and most important, argument is that flag burning is an act that could possibly cause a large amount of violence if done in a public place. The first amendment does not protest this type of speech. (Texas vs. Johnson worksheet) The Texas law created to protect sacred objects clearly states that it is illegal to desecrate anything that could case public dismay. In Gregory Johnsons trial several witnesses testified that they were deeply offended by Johnsons act. This argument alone makes flag burning illegal. Gregory Johnson should have been punish...

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 11

Final paper - Essay Example He drives home the point that people should feel obligated to as much as they can to support the poor and the suffering, and to counter any form of preventable evil (Singer, 1972). Moreover, Singer notes that there is confusion between charity and duty. People donate, but there is no guilt or moral wrongdoing in failure to donate towards the feeding of starving nations. This relationship between giving and morals should be put under the duty of a human being. It should be morally wrong not to give, and everyone should feel obligated to play a part towards the reduction of poverty and starvation in whichever way they deem fit. Supporting the poor and the hungry, as well as the displaced is not a responsibility of the charitable organizations only. People should give privately and should also pressure their governments to support the less fortunate countries. Instead of dwelling on leisure activities and spending money on items that do not add value to their lives, people should give to those who have nothing to eat. Singer notes the fact that the world is full of cases of war, famine and poverty. He is also aware of the affluent portion of the world’s population. His argument, therefore, is based on the assumption that it is bad for people to suffer or die to the lack of shelter, food or proper medical care. This assumption is supported by the principle that everyone has the power of preventing something bad from happening and should morally prevent it as long as the actions they take do not morally compromise any other thing, event or person. As such, as long as someone has the ability to prevent something bad from happening, they should do it. Singer’s principle works on the ideology that there is no excuse of distance or proximity that should stop someone from assisting someone who is need, such as the people starving in other nations. One should

Have not been given a title, have to make one up. have to choose one Essay

Have not been given a title, have to make one up. have to choose one aspect of culture or global media and compare how it influences all aspects of communication - Essay Example ate and focus on the gender stereotypes that are portrayed through commercials, movies and television programs, all of which have successfully shaped the minds of people into forming stereotypes about the male and the female sex, often misrepresenting both genders. Television is mostly blamed for transmitting stereotypical messages and beliefs to children and adolescents, who may carry these beliefs into adulthood. Furthermore, messages about gender are not only stereotypical, they are also harmful. Children learn from what they see on television since a large part of their education does not only come from school. Therefore, it is through television where their expectations about men and women, and they build their own stereotypical view of both sexes and the world around them through this form of media. It is also through television where other forms of media get their content from. The Internet for instance, gets a large portion of their content from television, as well as magazine and newspaper content. Billboards and the models that they put on them are also all from television, and the gossip talk shows to be heard on radio programmes are also influenced by this form of media. In addition to this, media, particularly television, has been regarded as the outlet where children and adolescents gain their knowledge about controversial issues such as sex. These days too, the message of sex is a whole lot less conservative than it was decades ago, when it was still quite a taboo topic to be broadcasted widely. The danger of television stems from the fact that young people spend more time watching television than they normally do with their peers, their school and even with their parents. Reports from teenagers claim that they extract most of their knowledge regarding sexual and romantic guidelines from media, especially television. On a further note, television appeals to this young age group because of the lack of embarrassment that is involved. With television,

Influence Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory

Influence Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory Introduction The modern world has been marked by specialized management that is characterized by effective planning methods in order to attain certain objectives, division of labor which has served to increase specializations and innovations in work places, and a formalized interaction between the employees and their managers in their work places. These formal manifestations can be attributed to the twentieth century from the works of Taylor who came up with the concepts of scientific management. Taylor has been accorded the legacy as the founder of scientific management principles. He was a mechanical engineer and his works served to provide efficiency in the management of industries which at the time had no formal management and were characterized by various anomalies (Taylor, 1911, p.64). The workers came up with their own decisions on how the tasks were going to be accomplished in the factories. This was however changed by Taylor through development of scientific management. He sought to impr ove the workers productivity in their areas of work. At various times he was criticized for destroying the workers morale and turning them into machines. This went to an extent of workers downing their tools at Watertown Arsenal which led to the House of Representatives Committee conducting an investigation into his works so as to establish the truth. It was concluded that his concepts of scientific management were a good tool for the management of organizations but at the same time offered the managers with increased power which had no checks and balances. This led to the ban of his concepts of scientific management by the Senate at that time. This was after a survey showing that his methods received a high level of hatred from the working population. The survey showed that scientific management did not put into consideration the workers social needs in their areas of work and it failed to appreciate the differences that existed between the working populations in any industry. In addition, the scientific management concepts viewed the workers as ignorant and therefore did not take into consideration their contributions in terms of work related suggestions and ideas (Taylor, 1911, p.65). However, after various improvements into these concepts it has come to be productive in the present day running of organizations. This essay discusses the Taylors scientific management and how it has influenced the modern day business practices. Historical origins of scientific management The 19th century factory system manifested itself in lack of formal management, unofficial relations among the workers and even with their employers and casual jobs with no formal arrangements where the leader just hired a group of men in the industries and could fire them if he deemed it fit due to their inability to work or for not following his directions. A need arose by the late decade of the 19th century as competitions between different factories went into the rise, emergence of improved technologies in the factories and formations of trade unions that pressurized the factories to improve the working conditions of workers in the factories or risk industrial actions against them. The government had also realized the efforts in the factories and wanted to reap maximum benefits (Taylor, 1911, p.12). This therefore called for improvements in the organization and management of these institutions. This was the period that Taylor established himself with his novel ideas of organizati onal management and various technical innovations. For instance, he devised a stopwatch that was used for timing the workers during the working hours so as to determine their best possible times. Taylor had a brief career in engineering after which he went into consultancy services for various industries. He vigorously advocated the application of systematic management by the factory managers (Taylor, 1911, p.17). He introduced time studies to measure the workers performance, piece-rate systems that served to instill obedience in the workers and other production systems that provided the managers with the capability of knowing what was happening on the ground. He diffused his thoughts and coined the term scientific management which was somehow metaphorical. He proposed that he had invented principles of management that could be applied universally to replace what was known as the rule of thumb methods. His book became a success and was embraced by many during those times. This period of development of scientific management became known as the progressive era in the US (1890-1920). It was a period that had many reforms which were meant to overcome the problems that had been cr eated by the just ended industrial revolution. This era also experienced its problems. Among them was; lack of formal training for the business leaders in ways of running the day to day activities of their institutions and workers performed their duties due to internal fears of imminent job losses as a result an increase in the industrial out put or due to inefficient management systems in the organizations (Taylor, 1911, p.4). This resulted to poor relationships between the workers and their employers which ultimately caused a reduction in the efficiency in the industries. The then president of the US, Roosevelt even went further to call on the factories to increase their efficiency in production so as to be at par or ahe3ad with other competing nations. This ultimately led to emergence of the scientific management movement. Taylor and scientific management movement After his works at Philadelphia, Taylor moved to Bethlehem Company which dealt with steel and continued exploring his ideas. He was not alone in proposing the scientific management but there were other players who set in to streamline the concepts. For instance, according to Shenhav (1999, p. 94), there was Brandeis who was an attorney and later became a Supreme Court justice. Later there were others like Frank and Gilbreth who were able to conduct studies on the human motion while doing work with an intention of finding ways that could add to increase workers efficiency during working hours. Taylors principles of scientific management After systematic analysis of his experimental works, Taylor came up with four principles which lay the foundation for scientific management. The first involved finding an alternative method to take over the rule of thumb practices of management. The alternative was to be scientific and would provide a chance for the managers to be in a position to analyze the problem facing management in their organizations. The use of a scientific approach was to put into use the systematic experiments. He believed the application of these experiments would come up with a solution to the problems faced in management and during the process of production. According to Locke (1982, p.50), Taylor has received acclaimed fame for his ideas that a scientific approach can be applied in the process of managerial decision making. The second principle involved scientifically selecting, offering training sessions and providing work development to each worker. This was as opposed to the former methods that invol ved disorganized management and leaving the workers to rule themselves as well as train themselves on various duties in the factories. By application of this principle, Taylor noted that the highly qualified person will occupy the top positions in the organizations and thus will lead the others in a systematic and efficient manner. By application of systematic management, a payment system was developed that considered the amount of output the worker had as well as the workers efficiency in production of quality goods and services. This principle increased efficiency in work places and improved the system of management. The third principle involved the managers developing formal working relations through establishing teamwork to ensure that the methods developed scientifically were being adhered to by the work force. To develop this principle, Taylor measured the workers performance with stop watch and motion studies in order to come up with an efficient process that would lead to accomplishments of the work tasks in good time. His experiments were crucial in determining the quantity of work that a hard working man c ould perform in a day (Taylor, 1911, p.23). This was to do away with the tendency of workers to perform their duties slowly in the factories. His experiments would indicate the standards that are to be achieved by the workers so as to increase performance. The fourth and final principle involved ensuring equal division of work between managers and their employees. By so doing, the managers would utilize the principles of scientific management in the planning of duties in their organizations while the workers on their side would actualize the duties in a timely manner. It is worth noting that these principles were put into use in various factories across the world. Their application usually had a positive effect by enhancing their productivity by three or more times. Taylor had a strong believe that scientific management would enhance the efficiency in the industries which would then lead to increased wages, production of low cost products and thus improved standards of living for the employees and their families. However, his ideas did not go well with the trade unions which were on the rise during those times to fight for the rights of the factory workers. Due to this, its influence was lowered until the end of the First World War whe n it picked up. According to Shenhav (1999, p.68), engineers in the Ford industry were able to standardize their job routines being guided by the principles of scientific management. They were able to increase their production and the Ford gained recognition all over the US for its production of quality motor vehicles. Taylors scientific management had a big influence to the development present day management theories. His ideas influenced two fields of management which are the human resource management sector and the accounting departments within an organization. He contributed to cost accounting procedures in the manufacturing industries. While working at Simonds Company he formulated a system of accounting for the company. Later on he perfected his methods coming up with a standardized costing technique for railroad systems. His ideas formed a foundation for development of techniques for budget control in any organization so as to ensure a free flow of cash for production costs and for payment of wages and salaries. This ensured an improved management in these industries. The second and third principles of the scientific management as discussed above influenced development of human resource management. Other scholars followed these principles to come up with various aspects of human resource lik e managing by objectives by Drucker which can be traced to the Taylors application of the differential piece rate systems to ensure workers efficiency (Shenhav, 1999, p.34). Taylor receives attribute even to the teaching and development of management courses. He lectured on management at Harvard, therefore shaping the minds of future business owners and managers who apply his teachings up to the present day world. Criticisms of scientific management Despite scientific management improving production even up to three times, it also had its own setbacks. It was accused to have led to monotony of worker lead to workers being bored at many times. The concepts also perceived man as a machine that achieved maximum satisfaction through monetary rewards (Locke, 1982, p.35). His rate cutting ideas could as well be utilized by cruel managers to mistreat their employees without many benefits to them. There was an up rise against scientific management by workers leading to strikes. As a result, parts of it like the use of stop watches by the managers to time their workers were banned. Scientific management and its influence on modern day business practices Taylor was of the view that employees needed to be supervised at all times to ensure that they fully performed their tasks and productivity of the factories went on the rise. His critics however disapproved the idea of taking the workers to be like machines without psychological feelings. The disapproved the idea that human ambitions are highly motivated by the rewards they receive in form of wages. To prove their point, the critics developed what is termed as organizational behavior that was meant to counter the ideas of Taylor. This took place in the 1930s after experiments were carried out to determine what really influenced the workers morale and their efficiency in production. The Hawthorne experiments proved otherwise from what Taylor had postulated. In one specific case, a study was conducted to find out what increased the productivity of workers in the Hawthorne Works factory (Locke, 1982, p.70). It was noted that an increase in lighting in the workshops was able to have an i ncrease in productivity as workers did their work in well lit areas. The negative had been hypothesized to be true but unfortunately it was not. This left questions unanswered on what really caused the increase in productivity. Left with no other options, the experimenters had to seek technical aid from Harvard University where various professionals turned up. The group consisted of sociologists, psychologists who were headed by the famous clinical psychologist Mayo Elton and anthropologists. These specialists were able to conclude that what led to the increase in production was due to the presence of supervisors throughout the period the studies were being carried out. This observation became to be known as the Hawthorne effect and it was significant to human relations in work places and led to improvement of the study of organizational behavior (Wren, 2005, p.279). Various other studies have been carried out after Hawthorne experiments to try and discover the real factor behind human motivation. In other experiments, McGregor postulated a theory commonly referred to as Theory X and Theory Y to distinguish between the factors influencing human motivation. According to Theory X, the workers got their motiva tion from rewards in terms of money that they received after the job they had done while Theory Y observed that men gets their motivations from an inward desire to attain self fulfillment in any task that they are accorded. Unlike Taylors scientific management, this theory was able to acknowledge the ability of people to have an inner drive that enhanced their capacity to do work rather than just focusing on what they received as wages and salaries. Thus the social perspectives of a person started gaining recognition in workplaces in order to enhance productivity (Wren, 2005, p.267). The managers of the factories started considering the social welfare of their workers while in work stations and eventually relations strengthened in the factories. This brought about team spirit and reliance on one another to attain a common objective. Several welfare organizations that were involved in fighting for the rights of the workers were formed and which are still there in the 21st century world. Taylor with his scientific management therefore laid a foundation around which various other studies have been conducted to improve the situation of the workers in their work places while at the same time ensuring that pr oductivity is maintained to ensure success of organizations and businesses. Organizational management has gained recognition in todays world and managers are professionals with skilled knowledge in the process of management. Major CEOs in different organizations must have attained a certain higher level of knowledge and have experience in management. Taylors scientific management formed a foundation for operations research which is present today in various organizations. Both operations research and scientific management aims at increasing efficiency in the workers operations through the application of scientific means and systematic analysis so as to come up with a valid conclusion. According to Gass (2005, p.19), the proposers of scientific management like Taylor himself, Gilbreth and Gantt were the founders of the process of operations research. In fact, some of the techniques they applied in their studies to provide efficiency are still in use even up to date. For example, Gantt in his studies used a chart that involved planning time and tasks to be performed so as to achieve maximum productivity. It came to be known as the Gantt chart and it is still in use today especially in the project management areas. Despite operations research gaining growth as a branch on its own, it incorporates Taylors principles in its application . It continues to apply scientific methods with an aim of improving efficiency which is attributed to Taylors scientific management. Taylors scientific management gained recognition in the US and around the world. His book The Principles of Scientific Management was a hit and a success and was sold the world over. His principles were put into test by many managers in their factories so as to increase efficiency. His book was translated to different languages and his influence was now felt outside the US. The Japanese led by Takuo Godo utilized some of Taylors principles to test the productivity of Japanese workers during the Osaka Efficiency Exhibition. Takuo was able to point out that the workers in Britain were 5.3 times more productive than those in Japan while the American worker was seven times more that of the Japanese worker. In their pursuit for increased efficiency, the Japanese had to apply some of Taylors principles (Wren, 2005, p.289). Taylors work went as far to influence the Toyota production system which ensured that quality products were produced while at the same time increasing the efficiency of their workers. The application of scientific management enhanced Toyotas production system leading to their success. These principles were incorporated with novel ideas as time went by to furnish them so as to reap their full benefits. The success of Toyota is seen even today due to their high exports of their automobiles to various countries all over the world. In the 21st century, most of the activities that occur in work places base their foundation to Taylors scientific management. The cars we are driving, the hospitals we get medication from and even in the food eateries that we frequently visit have in one way or another been influenced by the principles postulated by Taylor. Their functioning has been streamlined into enhanced efficiency through these principles. Scientific management brought a revolution to management systems which have them evolved with time to accommodate new ideas and other changing variables in the workplaces. Work places have become areas of specializations where only those with specific skills and experiences can perform a certain task. Given such facts, division of labor is a common feature in todays society and this has served to improve on innovative ideas and effective production (Wren, 2005, p.293). Competition has gone on the rise for the few job opportunities that are available unlike previously when the labor force was sometimes lacking. As a result workers have continued increasing their knowledge into in order to retain their positions or even be promoted to higher posts. Companies have learnt to apply scientific methods in solving any problem that they may be facing rather than by use of a rule of thumb. For instance, it has become a common venture for companies to conduct market surveys before and during a release of a new product in the market. Once a company intends to release a product to the market, it ventures into the anticipated market to find their views and opinions on the said product. The opinions are analyzed scientifically and viable conclusions are derived. The conclusions are then incorporated into their strategic objectives and planning is taken to take into considerations the conclusions. This has served to increase the efficiency of production and improving the companys profits. A failure in the management to conduct such surveys or to embrace the reflected opinions would lead to either customer dissatisfaction or production of low quality products. When this happens, customers will shy away from the products hence sales will be minimal and thus the profits. With the current competition in the market in this 21st century such a company will be edged out of the race for customers and will definitely fall out of the market and close down. This clearly illustrates that although Taylors principles were postulated over a century ago, their effects are still being felt in the running of day to day activities of various institutions. In present days industrial processes, Taylors principles also come to play an important role. Taylor had studied the appropriate scientific designs for the tasks that the workers were performing so as to ensure they never were over worked nor were they underworked to unproductive levels. In addition, Taylor proposed that the workers should be selected scientifically according to a persons skills so as to perform those tasks that the workers are in a position biologically to perform and handle well. The workers who best adopted to their positions and worked with high efficiency were rewarded with high wages in order to motivate them to repeat the same actions (Gass, 2005, p.21). Presently, this principle has continued to be used in nearly all organizations. As a result, they have established a human resource department that is tasked with the process of recruitment. The department first announces any vacant position in their institutions through the various media and invites qualified persons to tender for the positions. The recruits are then taken through a thorough recruitment process that involves vetting their skills and abilities as may be illustrated by the experiences they have. This process can be equated to the scientific selection of workers that were proposed by Taylor and his followers. Finally, the best man for the job takes it thus securing employment in the said company. Taylor in determining the payment to be given to the workers in wages and work incentives proposed a piece-rate system. This was to award any worker more wage if they increased production outputs and also produced quality products. A very similar situation is applied presently where even in civil service the amount of payment depends on the years of experience in service and also on the skills and knowledge that you process which clearly distinguishes you from the rest. Thus the higher the experience and level of education the higher the salaries will be. Secondly, in todays institutions the human resource department has established a complex reward system that compensates the workers for their improved output in production. The various reward system used today are like fully paid holidays for employees, pay rises for good performing workers , scholarships to pursue high education, paid leaves among a variety of others. This has ensured increased competition between departments in an organization to raise their production levels so as to enjoy the enticing rewards. Psychologically, human behavior can be reinforced through positive reinforcements and vice versa. The human resource managers are thus able to utilize this to positively reinforce the behavior of ensuring increase in production in their organizations through the rewards. The application of these ideas has led to improved production within the work places as the workers are motivated to perform their duties to perfection. This has led to production of quality products into t he market that reaches the thresholds of customer satisfaction. It is also important to note of the Fordism theory which bases its concepts on the scientific management. It was employed in mass production and incorporated the concepts of a moving assembly line with the ideas of Taylors of piece rate system and division of labor (Gass, 2005, p.30). This theory proposed for a distinction between the skilled processes of production and the unskilled ones. This theory was instrumental in shaping the industrial process of mass production of various commodities which require line production like motor vehicles. However, this theory also contained several anomalies as contained by the scientific management like not allowing the workers to give their views and also according more importance to the machines than the human beings who are operating them. This theory however, rewards the workers with high wages for their increased production. This theory also accords the employers with total ownership and control to the work force and therefore could be used to harass the work force. Scientific management as presented by Taylor offered a chance for scientific training and education of all the workers with an intention of increasing their on hand skills and basic understanding of their working environment. He conducted researches to ensure maximum potential of the workers were utilized in performing their tasks. In modern times, this has continued taking place in various institutions. It has become increasing necessary for continued education due to the changing patterns and trends in the production industries (Gass, 2005, p.34). There is improvement in technology like the use of computers in performing tasks that were initially performed manually. Some of the machines that were once used in the processes of production and other tasks in the organizations have become redundant thus necessitating the use of a different and more complex machine. For example, not long ago were typewriters a common feature in offices for production of written materials. Currently, it is quite hard to notice any typewriter in use in any office across the country. This is due to rise in computer usage which have rendered them redundant. If the office worker had no relevant knowledge of computer usage, he/she will be forced to take classes in order to learn how to use the same machine. The same thing is happening in big production companies where large machines are acquired that have different usage and thus necessitating the workers handling it to undergo a further training. After noticing this tendency, the human resource departments have been tasked with ensuring their workers undergo on job trainings to increase their knowledge and remain relevant in the market. Several companies offer free scholarships to their deserving employees to pursue higher education after which they are promoted in their duties to higher positions. Other types of training are conducted like inviting a consultant who will facilitate the process of learning in formal seminar s and meetings. Whichever type the human resource decides is beneficial to their company the aim is to increase the workers scientific knowledge and education. The scientific management propagates for the idea of division of labor equally among the workers and their managers. This would ensure that there is mutual cooperation between the workers and managers and each is relying on the other for accomplishment of certain duties in their organization (Taylor, 1911, p.13). This builds formal and official relations with respect which ensures that the tasks given to each worker is performed and in good time. A team spirit is cultivated within these organizations and they are able to work together as one to achieve common objectives. In modern world, this principle has been expounded and applied resulting into increased performance and enhanced efficiency in doing work. The social aspects of a human being are catered for like the need to effectively communicate ones feelings about a certain procedure in any institution. Management has changed to democratic type where various views of each individual are incorporated into the institutions planning . The institutions frequently hold meetings where each and everyone is given a chance to air their views concerning anything that may be affecting them or even to commend a certain process being used by their organization. This has served well to increase communication in the organizations. Communication is an important process to any organization. It serves to pass important messages from managers down the organizational hierarchy up to the subordinates. Communication as a process serves to hold the organization together. It builds team work across the various departments in an organization and leads to attainment of strategic objectives and hence meeting their mission and vision. It is therefore important to have improved communication for an organization ion order to reap maximum benefits from the employees. Effective communication in an organization boosts employees morale and increases their productivity (Busch, 1980, p.98). Communication which was once referred to as a soft skill in business enterprises has turned to have impacts for the business which are hard and with dire consequences. Failure to establish effective communication will lead to dissatisfaction among employees leading to high employee turnover in the organization, there is a rise in the number of employees who dont report to work as expected due to low morale, the customers will feel dissatisfied due to receiving of poor services from the dissatisfied employees and this will lead to low quality products being produced which are not up to the standards required in the market. In addition it will lead to lack of innovations in the business which is harmful to development. Conclusion In conclusion, Taylors scientific management has served to shape the behaviors witnessed in todays organizations. However, various improvements to Taylors principles have been done by various other scholars. For example, Henry Fayol was able to integrate the social aspects of workers in to the principles. For the success of any organization, effective leadership is critical. It is for this reasons that effective managers are sought for by many institutions in order to succeed and pull through the high competition that have been witnessed in the present world. How well a leader is able to influence the team that he/she is leading will either lead to the success or to the failure of the organizations. In order for a leader to be able to lead, he/she must gain and apply power in order to see that work is performed to the given standards. They work at reinforcing their own organizational positions while at the same time striving to achieve the broad and strategic objectives of their orga nizations. Modernization and formations of workers union has served to shape the scientific principles as proposed by Taylor. With this in mind it is worth to note that Taylors scientific management principles although proposed over a century ago are being felt even in the modern day practices in institutions.